Symptoms may include
- Frequent and persistent angry outbursts or temper tantrums beyond what is developmentally expected
- Consistently arguing with adults or authority figures (parents, teachers)
- Deliberately refusing to follow rules or requests from adults
- Deliberately annoying or provoking others, and reacting very easily to perceived slights
- Blaming others for their own mistakes or behaviour
- Vindictive or spiteful behaviour – seeking to get back at others
- Symptoms cause significant impairment at home, school, or in peer relationships, and persist for 6 months or more











